Cell Membrane essays

Cell Membrane expositions Cell Membrane/Electron Transport Chain Biochemical Pathway 1. The cell film structure is fundamental to the life of the cell. The cell film is molded as having a phosphate head at the exceptionally external surface, and two unsaturated fat tails dangling from it. The layer is twofold, so at the tip of the unsaturated fat tails, there are two increasingly unsaturated fat tails connected to another phosphate head. This is what it resembles: The explanation the cell layer is molded like this is essentially to control the water stream all through the cell. Water is critical to the cell: if an excessive amount of water enters the cell, the cell will detonate, and if an excessive amount of water leaves the cell, the cell will shrink up and pass on. This is the manner by which the cell layer controls water stream: the phosphate heads are polar, and marginally pull in water. In any case, the unsaturated fat tails in the middle of are non polar, and repulse water, so the unsaturated fat tails keep a lot of water from entering or leaving the phone. With this extreme layer, there must be a route for things to enter the cell. This is the place the divert proteins come in. They go about as passages to the cell. There are numerous approaches to enter the cell. A few different ways require vitality, while others dont. The manners in which that require vitality are placed into a classification called dynamic vehicle, while the ways t hat dont require vitality are placed into a class called aloof vehicle. A case of dynamic transp! ort is the proton siphon. The proton siphon is an indispensable piece of chemiosmosis, and it siphons protons from a territory of low focus to a region of high fixation. This requires vitality since things like to move from a zone of high fixation to a region of low focus. A case of uninvolved vehicle is encouraged dissemination. This is simple since the molecule is moving from a region of high focus to a region of low fixation and through a channel protein made precisely for its size and shape. 2. These layers are very importan... <!

Bansonyi essays

Bansonyi papers Sharon Matute October 24, 1999 Craftsmanship 100 007 Professor Sax Craftsmanship can be utilized to consider the movement of a human advancement through time. Workmanship is generally used to communicate ones convictions strictly, strategically, and now and then as a wellspring of correspondence, which is practiced through symbolism. Images in masterpieces can be identified with nature and myths.1 From the start of Chinese history, craftsmanship and theory worked inseparably with the formation of a show-stopper. Chinese workmanship was utilized as proof of a people conduct and mentality towards nature and different creatures (for example the more pleasant the work of art the better the person.)2 During the seventh and eighth hundreds of years Chinese craftsmanship was at its pinnacle. China right now was under the purview of the Tang Dynasty. In light of the lovely work being made China turned into a worldwide society. Artistic creations and models were by all account not the only works that China would get appreciation for. Their music and writing (sonnets which now and again clarified gems) were additionally at their most extravagant points,3 Tang craftsmanship has exceptional power, authenticity, nobility... There is a positive thinking, a vitality, a straightforward acknowledgment of substantial reality which gives a similar character to all Tang craftsmanship, regardless of whether it be the most astonishing fresco from the hand of an ace or the humblest tomb doll made by the town potter. (Sullivan 160) At the point when a bit of imaginative work was viewed as acceptable all that truly made a difference was the measure of exertion that went into the piece and not the deduction of the people monetary class. Rare materials were utilized all the time in the making of Chinese relics. One of the saying acclaimed and adored stones utilized was Jade, which was hard and indestructible. Jade can't be found in China; it was exchanged with Burma, which is situated on the external edge of China, so it is astonishing to realize how much work was finished with it in the 600 and 70 ... <!

screaming

screaming Everythings going just fine! Im registered for classes, the grad school admission process is almost done, and Im on track to graduate and enter the adult world. And yet the past three weeks have been the most stressful experience of my whole time at MIT. It turns out that theres more to this place than just doing classes. Heres the blog post where I vent. A while back when I was asking people for recommendation letters, my PI of three years made a suggestion. He wanted to nominate me for a UROP research symposium in January, so he could add that to my letter. I said of course, even though I cant stand because I absolutely love doing scientific presentations. Furthermore, it would be impossible incredibly easy to condense three years worth of research into a 10-12 minute talk.   How could you tell the person who is writing your most important recommendation that you dont want to do a little presentation? I said sure. And then that January 30th symposium date hung over my head for almost two months, as I tried my hardest to ignore it. By the middle of December, I started getting interview invites from a handful of the places I applied to. Very exciting. Then I saw that a couple of the places had interview weekends scheduled for January. One was incredibly close to that January 30th date. I had assumed that these took place in like February or March, but I really had one place that wanted me there on January 9th. I guess this (predicting interview schedules) is the one time you should check the The GradCafe.01 not a big fan of college confidential part 2 so I refuse to even hyperlink there So then my priority became preparing for interviews. The symposium cast a shadow from behind me, like when youre walking in the evening and someone who walks faster starts to overtake you. I shopped for interview clothes at a department store when I was home in December. Id never owned dress pants before. Everything is expensive. During my first round of interviews, I found that the patent leather heels I bought were a terribly uncomfortable choice, but since I hadnt had time to get my pants hemmed,02 five foot tall people are simply not able to have clothes that just fit I had to power through it. All nine hours of it, from interviews to post-interview faculty dinner. Oh yeah, I also lost my credit card during this trip and immediately deactivated it and ordered a new one, only to find it in my backpack less than an hour later. Great news! My PI is one of the hosts of this years symposium! Better not embarrass him with a terrible presentation! As soon as I got off the plane in Boston, I rushed to prepare my symposium slides to a reasonable enough extent that my postdoc mentor wouldnt be disappointed with the lack of progress. Shes been doing interviews for faculty positions at all kinds of places, so the overlap of our OoO times made it difficult to meet and practice. I met with her the next day and once again got to work, this time with a slightly better idea of what the presentation should look like. It took me an embarrassing amount of time to parse the structural/chemical bio done by our collaborators that was so essential to explaining the point of my project. And I had another interview weekend around the corner to worry about. I checked the status of my pre-registration and found that one of the classes I pre-regd for was cancelled. This made me really sad at first. It was a CMS class called Designing Active Archives. It sounded really cool. For context, my experience with this field includes volunteer Ancestry.com data entry03 essentially reading handwritten documents and typing out what they say so people can then search for their ancestors records and running a Twitter account where I find reaction images and repost them04 there are some rare reaction pics out there that you just cant find on Google image search with a text description of the photo so that people can search for them. The pictures in this post come from there. The sadness at losing the opportunity to take this class faded away into anxiety once I remembered that I needed that class to fulfill an elective for my CMS degree. I had to find another CMS elective if I wanted to finish that degree by this semester. If you dont go here, you might not understand that   CMS classes, especially the fun elective ones with minimal or no prereqs, are consistently overenrolled. I have a major edge05 my main plug for majoring in CMS is that you wont get kicked out of the super popular fun classes since Im a CMS major, but I still had a brief06 Im in CMS.301 (Intro to Game Design Methods) now headache over it. I went in for the next places interviews with a slightly better understanding of what the people were going to ask me and a symposium slide deck that was in shambles considering my talk was in six days. My first 30 minute interview went over by !!!25 minutes!!!, eating into 15 minutes of the next 30 minute interview, which ultimately made me late to the third interview by at least 10 minutes, partially due to the fact that I ran up eight flights of stairs to get to her office since I didnt know where the elevators were. My interviewers were all great, and my feet hurt much less, but I didnt think I made a great impression by being late to all of my interviews, including the one that happened in the afternoon after an hour-long break. For that one, I had walked back to the hotel to lie in bed and stare at the ceiling for a bit, left with enough time to make it to the next interview location, found out that it was in an active hospital, buzzed the doorbell in the left side of the hospi tal lobby to be let into the area that was clearly labelled with the name of the place on my interview schedule sheet, was let in and encountered a flustered receptionist who had no idea what I was doing buzzing into the executive suite, headed down the hall in shame, went through a metal detector and got in line with a bunch of other people, had someone passing by tell me that I didnt need to stand in that line and that I could just go around to the elevator, took the elevator to what I assumed was the correct location, found that the office listed on my interview schedule did not exist, asked someone in the closest office where I was supposed to go, was told uhh, Im not sure. Try around the corner, still couldnt find that office, asked some guy with his door open who told me it was next door, and found my interviewer, all with negative ten minutes left to spare. He was pretty cool about it but I almost just took a knee and left. Once back home, I got to work on the symposium stuff. I wrote a script and finalized the slides. I met with my postdoc over phone, over FaceTime, at her house, at a conference she was attending in Boston. I spent four entire days doing nothing but working on this presentation. I have it memorized still, but at significant cost to my mental state. My brain felt itchy. Im someone who is usually very quick to memorize things, but for some reason, this time it didnt stick. Even when I forced it to stick, I kept coming in about two minutes over time. Truly a mess. I had looked at my slides so many times that they had started to lose meaning. My itchy brain was unfolding, becoming smooth. Ive known for a while that I want to go to grad school in New York.07 despite my ethical qualms about going to schools named after sketchy billionaires i.e. basically all of the NYC biosciences grad programs I applied to four programs in NYC. I got interview invites from two, I got rejected by the other two. The first interview went well, or so I thought, but I was so exhausted by the process that I think I put off an irritated vibe that they didnt appreciate. My feet hurt. I got waitlisted. Suddenly my NYC prospects shrank from four to one. I got an email saying that the second interview program would release decisions by January 30th at 4 pm eastern time. Right in the middle of the symposium. So I had to continue practicing this presentation despite most of my mental energy being devoted to the what-if08 spoiler: the decision did in fact come right in the middle of my presentation and I got in :) of admissions gone bad. During our reg day meeting, my advisor handed me a degree progress sheet that showed I was four electives short of the CMS degree. That would mean I would have to take six classes09 hell no this semester instead of four or else abandon that degree. I recounted everything and showed the administrator my math. Im all set now, but this was anxiety-inducing in a major way. Ive been keeping up with politics recently as well. Probably the worst thing to feed my brain. I requested an absentee ballot for the primaries in my home state of Alabama. Go figure, thats kind of hard to do. Theres a form you have to fill out, you have to scan a copy of your ID, you have to print all of it and mail it somewhere with a questionable amount of postage. I received my ballot recently and found that there are a lot of judges running that I dont know anything about. Ive been questioning whether I should even have a say in the Jefferson County circuit court judge races, considering Im choosing judges who will oversee courts in a place that I visit maybe twice a year. Nonetheless, I read up on the candidates and chose the ones I thought seemed most appropriate. Next came the weird business of figuring out how many stamps to put on the return envelope, which simply says additional postage required. Turns out that theres truly no way of knowing unless I physically go to a pos t office. But Im not going to let that stop me. (And neither should you! If youre a citizen and 18 or older go vote! Please!) do it!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1 Ive got interviews happening in California from Thursday through Tuesday of next week. Its the first week of classes, so this is terrible timing, as a lot of classes require you to be at the first session and will kick you out of the class if you dont show up. Therefore, Ive made the prudent(?) decision to miss the optional activities happening on Thursday in order to make it to my two classes that day. I will be leaving class and heading directly to the airport. I need to pack. I will arrive at SFO at 9:30 pm and dive right into interviews at 8 am the next morning. My dress pants are still too long. I have no time to deal with that. As I write this, its Tuesday night, and Ive been keeping up with the Iowa caucuses. And by keeping up with I mean making sustained throat noises at my laptop screen as the headlines roll out and the numbers dont. New Hampshire is happening soon.10 and Im kind of sad that I cant take a daytrip to NH to see the Strokes perform at the Bernie concert because I will be in California AHHHHHHHHHHHH In hurried, gesticulating, half-baked conclusion, this kind of stuff never ends. You make it through one obstacle just to find the next. You should still take some time to be proud of yourself for clearing each hurdle. You should also recognize that you dont need to clear every hurdle. Sometimes you dont have any control over whether or not you can clear the hurdle. Furthermore, to quote Kierkegaard11 my 14 year old sister asked for Camuss The Stranger for Christmas and you bet I bought it for her in a highly undergrad who doesnt really understand the context or meanings of philosophers quotes way, anxiety is the dizziness of freedom. No, I will not elaborate on that. Here are some links to YouTube videos that Ive been watching to calm down (they may also work for the kind of stress that comes with waiting for your damn admissions decisions): seahorse birth a rat painting a pretty picture octopus eggs hatching my favorite vocalist of his era, Eric Burdon, performing Spill the Wine with War in 1970 Enjoy! Post Tagged #grad school #IAP #stress not a big fan of college confidential part 2 so I refuse to even hyperlink there back to text ? five foot tall people are simply not able to have clothes that just fit back to text ? essentially reading handwritten documents and typing out what they say so people can then search for their ancestors' records back to text ? there are some rare reaction pics out there that you just can't find on Google image search back to text ? my main plug for majoring in CMS is that you won't get kicked out of the super popular fun classes back to text ? I'm in CMS.301 (Intro to Game Design Methods) now back to text ? despite my ethical qualms about going to schools named after sketchy billionaires i.e. basically all of the NYC biosciences grad programs back to text ? spoiler: the decision did in fact come right in the middle of my presentation and I got in :) back to text ? hell no back to text ? and I'm kind of sad that I can't take a daytrip to NH to see the Strokes perform at the Bernie concert because I will be in California back to text ? my 14 year old sister asked for Camus's The Stranger for Christmas and you bet I bought it for her back to text ?

Switzerland Health Care System Essay - 1779 Words

FINANCING: OVERVIEW Switzerland’s health care system follows the Bismarck Model in terms of sickness funds. It is financed through contributions of the individual to the insurance company rather than through tax or employment based contributions.16 This keeps tax percentages down and allows for more equality in access. The insurance is regulated by the country’s canton.16 The country works under the concept of social solidarity, meaning that the government is responsible in giving all social services to their citizens Although they have the second to the highest level of spending per capita at $6,325, they are able to place that money to good use in terms of quality of care for their citizens including mental health care and†¦show more content†¦60.6% of Swiss residents choose to get a basic coverage plan with an HMO, fee-for-service or an independent practice.7 FINANCING: PRIVATE HEALTH INSURANCE Private health insurance activity is regulated by the Swiss Financial Market Supervisory Authority (FINMA). With it being a mandate to have health insurance, there are many private insurance companies competing for the insured. These companies must get licensing and authorization from FINMA. With the public being required to provide their own insurance, Switzerland is purely a private insurance market.10 For people with low incomes, they use subsidies to finance their health insurance. Specific premiums are based on what Mandatory Health Insurance (MHI) the person selects and which plan they choose.10 This allows for the person to have some autonomy regarding the amount of money they want to spend on health insurance. The average deductible for insurance is between CHF 300 to CHF 2,500, whichShow MoreRelatedThe Geriatric Specialty Populations By. Hess852 Words   |  4 Pagesspecialized care is often based on the specialty of the population for which the guardianship of a patient is needed to be provided. The assignment for this essay was to discuss health services for special populations. For this composition the author chose to discuss briefly geriatric population and the mental health populations, as well as the specialty care involved with these populations. These two populations are enormously in need of recognition; in both provided care and health care costs. GeriatricsRead MoreThe Harsh Truth Of An Epidemic1618 Words   |  7 Pagesentire essay to name and describe each and every diverse type of climate and environments. The United States is also surrounded by water, with many rivers in between, across the country. These are usually keys to success, but are not vital, for there are countries in Niger’s situation, that still succeed in economic prosperity. For example, Switzerland is also a landlocked country in Europe, covering only 41,285 km in land and a population of about 8 million people. This making Switzerland twiceRead MoreNotes on the Current State of the American Healthcare System1468 Words   |  6 Pagesin regards to healthcare is only continuing to disadvantage millions as they wait for a resolution and reforms that have been promised to them, sowing how a strong two-tiered system with a foundation in government sponsored universal care would benefit the United States dramatically. II. Current Chaos of the Healthcare System A. Unfortunately today, healthcare costs are simply much to high for many Americans to have access to affordable and good coverage. 1. The cost of healthcare in the UnitedRead MoreShould Euthanasia Be Legalized?1490 Words   |  6 PagesBhavi Patel Writing 101: Jane Meek Research Argumentative Essay 1 November 2015 Word Count - 1488 Mercy or No Mercy Soul is immortal. But body is mortal. In life there could be multiple problems. Some problems could be life threatening. There are some stages in life where one has to make decisions. Imagine you are in a place where you lost all your vital abilities and you have to spend your entire life like that. Your family and friend are in pain too just like you are in pain. What would you doRead MoreAssisted Death And Voluntary Euthanasia1586 Words   |  7 Pageseuthanasia is when another person makes the decision to end their life on their behalf. In the majority of countries assisted dying is against the law. According to the National Health Service (NHS), In the UK, it is illegal. Assisted suicide or voluntary euthanasia carries a maximum sentence of 14 years in prison in the UK. In this essay, it will be illustrated where assisted dying is legal and how it works, there is going to be an argument for and against assisted dying and it will be explained why assistedRead MoreIndias Public H ealth System Economy and Politics1225 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Indias Public Health System, Economy, and Politics Abstract In this essay, the country I have chosen to examine is India. The public health system, politics and economy India has been discussed. In the last part of the essay, I have discussed why India is important for the national security, economy, and politics of the United States of America. Introduction The Republic of India (Bharat/Hindustan) is located in South Asia. It is the second most densely populated country in the worldRead MoreWhat Is The Difference Between France And Japan Healthcare System1651 Words   |  7 Pagesa healthcare system which undoubtedly contributed to their 2015 number one ranking for life expectancy for both sexes, in a list compiled and published by the World Health Organisation (WHO). Although not in the top five, France made the list at number nine equal with Switzerland, and New Zealand sat at number 15. So, what makes these two countries so different? Why is their life expectancy so much higher than ours? Ultimately, it comes down to health care. The purpose of this essay is to describeRead MoreSecond Shift978 Words   |  4 Pagestook care of the children and the home. This changed when the new liberated independent women became driven towards acquiring a career, caring for the children and balancing domestic work. Thus women started to complain about being exhausted from working, multi-tasking, and solely taking care of the house-hold, while their husbands worked and bring forth a paycheck and think that is efficient enough and his job is pretty much done. ‘’I definitely concur with The Second Shift because this essay mostRead MoreThe Influence Of Ideologies In The Formulation Of Social Policies1489 Words   |  6 Pageslanguage and having much the same living standards. It is hardly the case that tens of thousands of euros paid for education in US pay off significantly more than an equivalent degree in Switzerland where the tuition is several times less. So why is there such a difference? The answer, as argued in present essay, is ‘politics’. The following work is tries to demonstrate that in order to understand a social policy a country has committed to, one needs to understand the ideologies that have becomeRead MoreProject Classroom Makeover By Cathy Davidson Essay1396 Words   |  6 PagesEducation is a very powerful tool in the twenty-first century; the power of knowledge allows an individual to advance his social and economic status. â€Å"Project Classroom Makeover† by Cathy Davidson demonstrates the necessity of a customized education system in modern America while explaining why traditional learning is slowly reversing true American values. Since the late 1800s, the United States of America has developed a reputation of â€Å"rags to riches† because of the success stories of John D. Rockefeller

Symbolism in the Gothic Art Movement Essay - 1747 Words

The Gothic Art movement was not just a style of art but an extremely influential period containing its own complex history. The term is used to describe buildings and objects whose forms are based upon a range of characteristics from the middle of the 12th to the end of the 15th century. Gothic style was a development of the Romanesque yet it was Renaissance humanists who first used it as a disparaging term to describe what they saw as the barbaric architecture. With Gothic art being viewed through so many different perspectives it is deemed quite difficult to appropriately define what Gothic means in postmodern society today. It provided a new focus for the representation of nature and one major area within Gothic Art that distinguishes†¦show more content†¦Because of the distinct design and size of the cathedrals, many adjustments had to be made to support the roofs including the introduction of a system of flying buttresses. Over the years a general reduction in weight an d mass occurred, this was partly the result of enlarging the area of the windows made of stained glass. Huge stained glass windows and a profusion of smaller windows create the effect of lightness and space but also illustrate biblical stories and saint’s lives. Many people truly believed that the presence of these beautiful objects would lift their souls closer to God. It made the church a special, sacred place of an all-powerful God. In the Chartres cathedral, light often entering the church has been associated with the Virgin Mary whose life story winds around its walls. The beautifully decorated glass windows in the Chartres cathedral appear to feature Holy Scriptures that expel the wind and rain just like a traditional house window would. Their exquisite designs not only suggest that they prevent all things hurtful from coming near but they are also the main transmitter of the sunlight that could be seen as God in his brightest form. An architectural piece of work during the Gothic age contained symbolism in every aspect; the arrangement of a Cathedral was designed as a spiritual place of worship where people can be surrounded by symbolic stories thatShow MoreRelated Three Architecture Styles Essay1390 Words   |  6 PagesThree Architecture Styles In this essay information will be given in order to compare and contrast data about three different styles of architecture. The three styles are Art Deco, Art Nouveau, and Neo Gothic. In order to fully give a clear explanation of these styles, information about architecture will be given first then the three styles will follow with comparing and contrasting points in between. First, to inform about architecture, one must explain what it is. Architecture, referringRead MoreA Brief Look at the Renaissance939 Words   |  4 Pagescultural movement by art, architecture, and music. Renaissance was a period of time from the 14th to the 17th century that affected Europe. During the renaissance people learned art and literature. The renaissance was the period of transition, from the medieval to modern times. The renaissance began in Italy during the 14th century as early as the painters Giotto and Cimabue. During the Renaissance people witnessed â€Å"the discovery of the world† and the â€Å"discovery of the man.† The art fromRead MoreThe Cask Of Amontillado By Edgar Allan Poe1575 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"The Cask of Amontillado.† Montresor plots and kills an unwary friend/foe during carnival time for motives that are unclear. The author of this tale, Edgar Allan Poe, influenced by his somewhat tragic life and one of the most influential Gothic writers, uses symbolism and irony to show the multitude of complicated motives of the narrator in his famous horror story. Upon examining Edgar Allan Poe’s life, one is not surprised that he chooses to write such gloomy and sinister stories. Poe’s life is farRead MoreFamous American Authors: Ralph Waldo Emerson, Edgar Allan Poe, and Nathanial Hawthorne554 Words   |  3 PagesThe period of the late eighteenth century and beginning of the nineteenth was cosidered the Romantic era in Europe and in America. This movement was a large scale rebellion against the Englightment period ideas where science and logic ruled the literary arts. Authors took several approaches on how to convey to the readers social and metaphysical opinions through the tone in a series of novels published. Tone is apparent in much of the American Romantic era writing including that of Ralph Waldo EmersonRead MoreGothic Literature and the Writings of Edgar Allan Poe Essays850 Words   |  4 Pagescalled Gothic Literature. It is not only considered to involve the horror or gothic element but is combined with romance, supe rstition, women in distress, omens, portents, vision and supernatural events to name a few (Beesly). The history and beginning of this era is not well known. From a few writers came this writing style that has impacted the world. A famous artists known for this type of writing is a man named Edgar Allan Poe. He wrote many short stories and poems that include horror, gothic, andRead MoreArt and Architecture in the Middle Ages and Renaissance Essay949 Words   |  4 PagesThe difference between the Middle Ages and the Renaissance is most visible through art and architecture, demonstrated specifically through an emphasis on religion or classical antiquity, and humanity. During the Middle Ages, art was more religious because it had a very religious influence from the church having such great power in the community. When the Renaissance started, art became more focused on ancient Greece. The Greek influence was because scholars were broadly studying the revival of classicalRead MoreGot hic Sculpture And Gothic Art1352 Words   |  6 PagesThe Gothic Sculpture had not been only a design of art but an exceptionally influential period formulated with its own intricate history. The word is utilized to spell it out buildings and items whose varieties are based after a variety of characteristics from the 12th to the end of the 15th century. Gothic style was a development of the Romanesque yet it was Renaissance humanists who first used it as a disparaging term to spell it out what they noticed as the barbaric structures. With Gothic sculptureRead MoreArt 100 Museum Paper814 Words   |  4 PagesIntro to Art/Art 100 Pre-Raphaelites I visited National Gallery of Art, Washington DC on Friday, March 29, 2013 to see the exhibition â€Å"Pre-Raphaelites: Victorian Art and Design, 1848-1900†. It is the first major survey of the art of the Pre-Raphaelites to be shown in the United States features some 130 paintings, sculptures, works on paper, and decorative art objects. The young members of the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood, formed in 1848, shook the art world of mid-19th-century Britain by rejectingRead MoreAnalysis Of Edgar Allan Poe s The Raven1232 Words   |  5 Pageson society or in someone’s perspective. As complex as the world, literature can appear in many forms using unique vernacular that expresses human endeavors. In some cases, social reform is Transcendentalism is an American literary, philosophical movement, promoting the idea of independent progress. The central idea is the optimistic viewpoint of humanity. People, men and women equally, have knowledge about themselves and the world around them that transcends or goes beyond what they can see, hearRead MoreRejecting Social Norms: The Goth Subculture Essay1451 Words   |  6 Pagesculture. It is a com plex subculture with great depth and mystery. The Gothics share a connection with the darker aesthetic, through their intense music and sexual fetishism, calling into question their predisposition to depression and rejection of social norms. There is rarely a single moment in history when one can pinpoint the exact moment when a subculture emerges. It is a slow building of multiple influences. Valerie Steele, Gothic Dark Glamour, describes historical accounts of nomadic, warriors

4 Davids Free Essays

string(101) " no one knows for sure, some people also say that he might have studied under a painter named Lippi\." Jennifer Keefe Professor Mark Moak Art History 1 December 2011 The Life and Times of the Four David Artists Through out the years there were many great artists who created many great works of art, but only four Italian artists really stick out for creating the same piece all with different points of views. These artists were Donatello, Verrocchio, Michelangelo, and Bernini, all of who created a David sculpture. Each one very unique and different. We will write a custom essay sample on 4 Davids or any similar topic only for you Order Now These four artists all stand out in there own individual ways. David who was supposed to be the second king of Israel, killed Goliath with just a sling and a single stone. The story of David and Goliath goes something like this, according to the bible in 1 Samuel 17. â€Å"The Philistine army gathered for war against the Israelites. The two armies faced each other on opposite sides of a valley. A Philistine giant named Goliath, would come out in armor and challenge the Israelites to war. The King of Israel who at that time was Saul, and his whole army were scared of Goliath. David who was the youngest son of Jesse, was sent to battle for one simple task, to bring his father back news of his brothers. While there, David heard Goliath shouting and saw the fear that had began to show in the men of Israel. David volunteered himself to fight Goliath, it took sometime for Saul to agree, but finally he gave in. Dressed in his simple tunic, carrying only his staff, slingshot and a pouch full of stones, David approached Goliath. The giant cursed at him, making horrible threats and insults. David said to Goliath, ‘You come against me with sword and spear and javelin, but I come against you in the name of the Lord Almighty, the God of the armies of Israel, whom you have defied †¦ today I will give the carcasses of the Philistine army to the birds of the air †¦ and the whole world will know that there is a God in Israel †¦ t is not by sword or spear that the Lord saves; for the battle is the Lord’s, and he will give all of you into our hands. ’ As Goliath moved in for the kill, David reached into his bag and took out a single stone and aimed for Goliath’s head. Finding a hole in the armor, the stone sank into Goliath’s forehead and caused Goliat h to fall face down on the ground. David then took Goliath’s sword, killed him and cut off his head. When the Philistines saw that their hero was dead, they turned around and ran. At this moment the Israelites began to pursue, chase and kill their enemy (1 Samuel 17). † As time went on four very different artists became inspired to create their own very different and very unique David’s. These four artists were Donatello, Verrocchio, Michelangelo and Bernini. First was Donatello. Donatello was an early Italian artist and sculptor from Florence. Donatello is well known for doing most of his work in bas-relief, which is a shallow relief, which is well incorporated in his 14th century works. Donatello created many major works such as the statue of St. Mark in 1411 through 1413. In 1417 Donatello completed St. George, which is shown in bas relief and shows one of the first xamples of central point perspective. Central point perspective is when all the perspective lines come from one point in the painting or drawing. One of the things that I read about that I found funny was that Donatello sculpted a tabernacle for his work but was sold in 1460 to hold Verrocchio’s Incredulity of St. Thomas. Between 1415 and 1426, Donatello created five mor e statues for Giotto’s campanile of Santa Maria del Fiore in Florence, which to some of us we like to call the Duomo. The five works that are in the campanile are the Beardless Prophet, the Bearded Prophet, which were both made in he year 1415, the Sacrifice of Isaac in 1421, Habbakuk in the years 1423 through 1425, and Jeremiah in the years 1423 through 1426. These sculptures follow classical models for viewers and show strong details. In 1425 Donatello created a piece titled Crucifix, which shows Christ in a moment of agony, with his eyes and mouth slightly opened. Between the years of 1425 through 1427, Donatello worked with another artist by the name of Michelozzo on the monument for the Antipope John XXII for the monument that would be in Florence. Donatello completed a marble panel monument for Cardinal Rainaldo Brancacci in a church in Naples, int the year 1427. Around the same time he did two statues called Faith and Hope for a baptistery in Siena. â€Å"Donatello created a perfect balance between Classicism and realism in my mind. This was created from an image of an Italian boy who looked like a Classical nude figure (Fichner-Rathus 331). † I didn’t know this, I just thought it was something that he created from his mind. Although Donatello was inspired by Classical figures, he chose a young boy whose arms appear weak because of the lack of muscles. After defeating Goliath, whose head lies at David’s feet, he rests his sword by his side, hich looks like it was almost to heavy for David to handle. â€Å"It seems almost impossible that a young boy like David could have succeeded in such a task. David himself look shocked even by his own deed as he glances down on the body of Goliath. Apparently, David’s intellect, faith and courage made up for his lack of build (Fichner- Rathus 331-332 ). † Donatello’s David now sits in the Medici. Second was Verrocchio, who also designed a sculpture of David. Verrocchio in my opinion was one of the best known sculptors of his time in the fifteenth century. Verrocchio was born in Florence around the year 1435. Some people say that he studied under Donatello, but no one knows for sure, some people also say that he might have studied under a painter named Lippi. You read "4 Davids" in category "Essay examples" It is a mystery that has yet to be solved and may never be solved. Verrocchio’s main works are dated back to his late twenties. His studio or workshop was in Florence where he was a member of the Guild of St. Luke. Some more great artists passed through his studio such as Leonardo da Vinci and Lorenzo di Credi. Some of the works that were created by his students are often times hard to distinguish between his own works and theirs. Towards the end of his life he opened a ew workshop in Venice where he was working on a sculpture of Bartolomeo Colleoni. Eventually he left his workshop in the hands of one of his apprentices Lorenzo di Credi. Verrocchio died in Venice around the year 1488. Verrocchio’s figure of David is one the most famous works of his time and still is today . In Verrocchio’s David, I see a strong contrast between the way that Verrocchio treated the same subject that Donatello did. Verrocchio’s brave man â€Å"appears somewhat older and excludes pride and self- confidence rather than a dreamy gaze of disbelief (Fichner-Rathus 334). † I personally hought that Verrocchio’s David looked surprised but also quite proud of himself. Verrocchio had little detail that showed in his David, where as Donatello did a very good job with his realism and making the torso of David seem different. Verrocchio’s sculpture also looks like a different technique was used. Donatello’s David has closed objects and Davids limbs are in created in what they call an S- curve stance, which helped with his human form. An S- curve is where the calf and the thigh are bent so that the leg creates the shape of an S, which is very different from Verrocchio’s sculpture because his is more open. For example, the sword and elbow are sticking out, away from the center of the body. â€Å"Donatello’s graceful pose had been replaced in the Verrocchio, by a jaunty contrapposto that enhances David’s image of self-confidence (Fichner-Rathus 334). † The third artist that created a David sculpture was Michelangelo. Michelangelo was probably one of the greatest artists that ever lived during his time. Michelangelo was born during the biggest period of Western art also known as Renaissance Italy, which at that time was the most artistically developed country. Not only was Michelangelo a sculptor, but was also a fresco painter. Michelangelo created The Creation and The Last Judgement, both of which are in the Sistine Chapel. The start of Michelangelo’s career started in Florence, which at the time was under Lorenzo the Magnificent. Things were changing after the death of the anti-Renaissance Priest and the leader of Florence. Michelangelo was asked to complete an unfinished project that was already started 40 years earlier by an artist named Agostino di Duccio. This project was a huge statue of David, which symbolized the freedom of the Florentine republic. This statue of David was to be placed in the Piazza della Signoria which is front of the Palazzo Vecchio. This masterpiece was created out of a solid marble block. This was a huge advantage for Michelangelo because he was able to use this to establish himself as a sculptor of incredible talent and strength for his imagination. Michelangelo had a very strong character from what I have read about him. He preferred to work by himself, rather then working with others, which is probably where he gets such a sense of independence and strong character. I’ve also read that Michelangelo would lose his temper and would end up in sticky situations because of it. Julius II who was the pope t the time, made Michelangelo bend over backwards at his feet to try and get him to get him to finally paint the wall and ceiling of the Sistine Chapel. His reputation as a sculptor was established when he carved his David at the edge of twenty-seven from a single piece of what seemed like to everyone else as an unworkable piece of marble. Unlike the David’s that were created by Dona tello and Verrocchio, Michelangelo’s David is not shown after defeating Goliath instead, David is portrayed as a â€Å"most beautiful animal preparing to kill-not by savagery and brute force, but by intellect and skill (Fichner-Rathus 345). Over his shoulder is David’s sling, and the stone is sitting in the palm of his right hand. Michelangelo’s David shows the young face of David who has just reached adulthood and shows great physical and intellectual attributes. Michelangelo’s sculpture is close in form, like Donatello’s David. â€Å"All the elements move firmly around a central axis (Fichner-Rathus 345). † Finally, there is Bernini. Bernini had many early works before he created his David sculpture in 1623. Bernini studied under Cardinal Scipione Borghese, who was a member of the reigning papal family at that time. Under Cardinal Scipione, Bernini arved his first group of life size sculptures. Bernini’s first life size sculpture w as called Aeneas, Anchises and Ascanius Fleeing Troy which was created in 1619. Bernini’s second sculpture was created in 1622 called Pluto and Proserpina. In 1624 Bernini created Apollo and Daphne which was supposed to be viewed as a relief. â€Å"Apollo and Daphne standing near each other looking as though they could be in motion. Apollo’s left arm is resting on Daphne’s left hip. This statue is in the Galleria Borghese in Rome. ( Italian Master). † The Ecstasy of Theresa is another sculpture that was done between 1644 and 1647. This sculpture was made the church of the Santa Maria della Vittoria in Rome. This sculpture was created for Saint Theresa because she would write religious narratives. In one of here narratives she talks about her relationship with god as a â€Å"burning arrow piercing through her heart (Meyer 10),† I thought a description of a relationship between a human and God would be a little more beautiful and not so morbid. The sculpture of Emperor Constantine, which was sculpted between 1654-1670 out of marble, is another one of Bernini’s works of art. It is located in the Vatican in Rome. The statue has drapes in it that are not marble but stucco. In 1623 Bernini created his David, which is very different from those of Donatello, Verrocchio and Michelangelo. Bernini had neither Donatello’s triumphant boy or Michelangelo’s posturing adolescent. Bernini’s hero is full-grown and fully engaged-both physically and psychologically. David’s aim shows his muscular body as it twists just a split second before slinging the stone that he has grasped in his left hand. David stands alone, but Goliath is simply just envisioned in the viewers mind as standing directly behind David. As a viewer looking at the sculpture of David, I am almost tempted to play the fight in my mind and pretend hat I am ducking in order to avoid being hit with a stone. â€Å"It is the anticipation of violent action that heightens this confrontation as David’s latent power is momentarily arrested (Scribner 66). † Present in this sculpture are three of the five characteristics of Baroque art: motion which is a different way o f looking at space and the concept of time. Donatello and Verrocchio depicted David at rest after he killed Goliath, Michelangelo, presented David before the battle, with the tension and emotion evident in every vein and muscle. Bernini does not depict David before or after the fight. Instead, he shows him in the rocess of the fight. This represents the element of time in his work. The views are forced to complete the action that David has begun for us. With David’s positioning, a new concept of space comes into play. â€Å"No longer does the figure remain still in a Classical contrapposto stance, but rather extends into the surrounding space away from a vertical axis. This movement outward from a central core forces the viewer to take into account both the form and the space between and surrounding the forms-in order to appreciate the complete composition† (Fichner- Rathus 360). † In order to understand the sculpture fully, we must move around the work. As we move, the views of the work change drastically. As you can see, the works sculpted by Donatello, Verrocchio, Michelangelo and Bernini are drastically very different in there own ways. Donatello presented David as a young boy who seemed incapable and amazed at his feat. Verrocchio’s David, although an adolescent, appears somewhat older and has more self-confidence than Donatello’s David. Michelangelo’s David has just reached manhood and is capable of great physical feats, like defeating Goliath. Finally, Bernini’s David is a full grown man. He, like Michelangelo’s David, also appears to be strong, brave and gifted enough to slaughter Goliath. These four artists were both amazing and spectacular. They each brought something different into the world and even still to this very day we are still in awe over what they created. Donatello, Verrocchio, Michelangelo, and Bernini, four great artists with four very different views on the world. Works Cited Fichner-Rathus, Lois. Understanding Art. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice Hall, Inc, 1995 Italian Master. New York: The Museum of Modern Art, 1940. Meyer, Alfred Gotthold. Donatello. Liepzig: Fischer Wittig, 1904 Scribner, Charles. Gianlorenzo Bernini. New York: H. N. Abrams, Publishers, 1991. How to cite 4 Davids, Essay examples

Personal space Essay Example

Personal space Paper A within-particpant experimental design was used to explore how uncomfortable an individual feels when approached by one or two people, this is measured when the individual says stop. The independent variable (IV) is whether theres one person walking towards the particpant orr two people walking towards themselves, wich were randomly assigned. The order of the two conditions was counterbalances so that half of the particpants start with one condition and vice versa, counterbalancing the order in which they start with. A table with odd and even numbers was used to randomly select the particpant with the condiitn. The even numbers start with condiiton one where one person walks towards the individual, and the odd numbers start with condiiton two where two people walk towards the participant. The dependent variable (DV) is when the experimenter is told to stop when approaching the participant. Participants This experiment consisted of 60 particiapnts which were recruited from Nottingham, UK. An opportunity sample was used for the experiment. The sample comprimised of an equal ratio of males and females. The participants were local university students. There was no exclusion criteria set for this experiment. The mean age of the sample was 19, with 30 males and 30 females. Materials This experiment consisted of a measuring tape which was used to measure the distance between the particiapnt and the experimenter. A set of stabndardised instructions along with the consent form were also used. A pen and paper to recored the results and also the experimenters involved. Procedure Particpants were asked whether or not they wanted to particpate in the experiment. We will write a custom essay sample on Personal space specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Personal space specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Personal space specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The researcher then read aloud the instructions (see Appendix1), to which the participants filled out a consent form (see Appendix 2). Participants were then told that the experimenter will be approaching them and will be told to say stop when they feel uncomfortable with the proximity. The experimenter stands 6 meters from the particiapnt, in an open space. They approach at a slow pace, making no facial expression and no eye contact. The participants will then have to say stop when they feel uncomfortable, the space between them is measured and recorded in a table. Some controls had to be kept consistent, for example the standardised instructions and the ethical guidelines e. g, the right to withdraw and informed consent. In both conditions the experimenter stays 6 meters away from the participant. Results The table below gives a summary of the distance between the experiment and the participant. Table 1:A table to show the difference in standard deviation, Mean and Range of the distance between the experimenter and the participant. Condition Standard Deviation Mean Range T-test 1)One Researcher 12. 95 77. 47 50 1. 51 2)Two Researchers 17. 98 116. 6 81 Table 1 shows that when two researchers approach an individual they would say stop sooner because they feel uncomfortable in the presence of more than one person. The standard deviation and the mean were higher in condition two, where there were two experimenters than in condition one, where participants were only approached by only one experimenters. The T-test was 1. 51, this shows there was an insignificant effect of crowding on personal space (t obt=1. 51, df=58, P. 05) even though the participants said stop sooner when there were two experimenters (Mean=77. 47, Standard Deviation=17. 98) than with only one participant (Mean=77. 47, Stand Deviation=12. 95). Discussion The results suggest that when two people are walking to an individual they will say stop sooner, and when one person is walking towards a person they will say stop later. The results support the background literature. This experiment supported the hypothesis, it also provided valuable data. The purpose of this experiment was to see the effects of crowding on persoanl spce and how uncomfortaable participants felt on the number of people approaching them. The hypothesis was that paprticipants would say stop sooner if two experimenters were walking towards them then just one. There have been numerous studies to support the fact that crowding does affect a persons personal space. A study done by Cochran and Urbanczyk (1982), conducted an experiment on 2 conditions using a stop-distance technique. The results showed that in high-ceiling condiitons, the participants needed less personal pace than in low-ceiling conditions. Another experiment done by Gary. T. Long (1984) showed that participnts in higher tension situations preferred a greater distance from others. There were limitations involved with this study, the number pf participants were too few, therefore having more participants may have produced a greater variability amongst the results. Another limitation is regarding the location, it could have been more crowded with more noise, with some participants and not others. Intimidation could have been another factor effeting the experimen by the presence of the researchers and the distance varies according to many factors, one of them being the relationship of the people involved. The limitations mentioned above could be one of the many reasons why the T-test was insignificant. There are examples of eevryday life in relation to crowding on personal space and how people feel uncomfortable when approached by a group of individuals. For example, when a gang of youths approach one individual they world feel scared and uncomfortable, than if one person approaches a individual and asks for the time; they would feel at ease. However there are many other factors that affect a persons personal space it depends on the age of the individual, the sex, race, amount of indiviuals walking up to a person, and the appearance. However different people have different inmterpretations of what uncomfortable is for them, therefore cannot be certain on when they feel uncomfortable and say stop, therefore cannot measure it properly. These differences of interpretations can lead to a misunderstanding amongst the researchers from different cultures, the environment also affects ones perception on what uncomfortable is for them. Some people might feel uncomfortable with one experimenter walking up to them than two. To conclude from this, different things could be changed in doing this experiment again, a different location could be used. If this experiemnt were to be repeated, there are a few things that should be changed. For example, choosing a different location; this could have ben approached by prior research to obtain knowledge of whn places are most/least populated. The conclusion of this experiment was consistent with past reasearch. Although this experiment ended with a insignificant T-test, the information gathered from the results can help future research on the effects of crowding on personal space.